Global tourism growth strengthens sector’s potential for sustainable development

Africa Records 5 Per Cent Growth
International tourist arrivals grew by a further 4 per cent between January and September of 2019, the latest issue of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer indicates. Tourism’s growth continues to outpace global economic growth, bearing witness to its huge potential to deliver development opportunities across the world but also its sustainability challenges.

Destinations worldwide received 1.1 billion international tourist arrivals in the first nine months of 2019 (up 43 million compared to the same period of 2018), according to the latest World Tourism Barometer from the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), in line with its forecast of 3-4 per cent growth for this year.

The global economic slowdown, rising trade, geopolitical tensions and prolonged uncertainty around Brexit weighed on international tourism, which experienced a more moderate pace of growth during the summer peak season in the Northern Hemisphere (July-September).

UNWTO Secretary-General Zurab Pololikashvili said, “As world leaders meet at the UN Climate Summit in Madrid to find concrete solutions to the climate emergency, the release of this latest World Tourism Barometer shows the growing power of tourism, a sector with the potential to drive the sustainability agenda forward. As tourist numbers continue to rise, the opportunities tourism can bring also rise, as do our sector’s responsibilities to people and planet.”

Generating USD 1.7 trillion in revenues as of 2018, international tourism remains the third largest export category behind fuels (USD 2.4 trillion) and chemicals (USD 2.2 trillion). Within advanced economies, tourism’s remarkable performance after years of sustained growth has narrowed the gap with automotive product exports.

International tourism accounts for 29 per cent of the world’s services exports and 7 per cent of overall exports. In some regions these proportions exceed the world average, especially the Middle East and Africa where tourism represents over 50 per cent of services exports and about 9 per cent of exports overall. This highlights the importance of mainstreaming tourism in national export policies to broaden revenue streams, reduce trade deficits and ensure sustainable development on the long run.

The world’s top ten earners saw mixed results in international tourism receipts through September 2019, with Australia (+9 per cent), Japan (+8 per cent) and Italy (+7 per cent) posting the highest growth, while China, the United Kingdom and the United States recorded declines. Mediterranean destinations were among the strongest performers in terms of earnings, both in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa region.

Growth in arrivals during the first nine months of 2019 was led by the Middle East (+9 per cent), followed by Asia and the Pacific and Africa (both +5 per cent), Europe (+3 per cent) and the Americas (+2 per cent).

Europe’s pace of growth slowed down to 3 per cent in January-September this year, from double that rate last year, reflecting slower demand during the peak summer season in the world’s most visited region. While destinations in Southern Mediterranean (+5 per cent) and Central Eastern Europe (+4 per cent) led results, the regional average was weighed down by Northern and Western Europe (both +1 per cent).

Also slower than last year, although still above the global average, growth in Asia and the Pacific (+5 per cent) was led by South Asia (+8 per cent), followed by South-East (+6 per cent) and North-East Asia (+5 per cent), while Oceania showed a 2 per cent increase.

Data so far available for Africa (+5 per cent) confirms continued robust results in North Africa (+10 per cent) after two years of double-digit figures, while arrivals in Sub-Saharan Africa grew 1 per cent.

The 2 per cent increase in the Americas reflects a mixed regional picture. While many island destinations in the Caribbean (+8 per cent) consolidate their recovery after the 2017 hurricanes, arrivals in South America were down 3 per cent partly due to a decline in Argentinian outbound travel, which affected neighboring destinations. Both North America and Central America grew 2 per cent.

The United States (+6 per cent) led growth in international tourism expenditure in absolute terms, supported by a strong dollar. India and some European markets also performed strongly, though global growth was more uneven than a year earlier.

France (+10 per cent) reported the strongest increase among the world’s top ten outbound markets, reflecting surging demand for international travel for the second consecutive year. Spain (+10 per cent), Italy (+9 per cent) and the Netherlands (+7 per cent) also posted robust growth, followed by the United Kingdom (+3 per cent) and Russia (+2 per cent).

Some large emerging markets such as Brazil, Saudi Arabia and Argentina reported declines in tourism spending this period, reflecting recent and ongoing economic uncertainty.

China, the world’s top source market saw outbound trips increase by 14 per cent in the first half of 2019, though expenditure fell 4 per cent compared to the same period last year.