The recent cholera outbreak is a worrying sign that we are not entirely free from this preventable disease in Nigeria. Cholera is one of the prevalent diseases affecting Nigerians, and it is on the rise in areas that are not well-cleaned.

Cholera is a serious illness that causes diarrhoea. It is caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. People contract it from drinking or eating contaminated water or food. If not treated quickly, cholera can cause severe dehydration.

While treatable, cholera outbreaks can pose a significant public health threat, particularly in areas with limited access to clean water and sanitation.

Here are five key things to know about the current cholera outbreak:

Nigeria is not free from cholera:

Nigeria is one of the countries currently battling a cholera outbreak. As of June 11, 2024, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) reported over 1,141 suspected cases and 30 deaths across several states. The rainy season often intensifies the spread of cholera, and authorities are urging Nigerians to practise good hygiene and be aware of the symptoms.

Cholera can kill:

There has been a recent increase in cholera outbreaks globally. The latest report indicates that there have been 30 deaths across 96 local government areas (LGAs) in 30 states from January 1 to June 11, 2024. Meanwhile, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a 145% average increase in outbreaks between 2017-2021 compared to the previous five-year period. This rise is attributed to various factors, including climate change-induced floods and disruptions to sanitation services due to conflict or economic hardship.

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People most affected are children:

Anyone can suffer from cholera; however, recent data shows that younger people, especially those under five, and malnourished individuals are more susceptible to severe cholera complications. Ensuring access to clean water and sanitation facilities is crucial for preventing outbreaks, particularly in high-risk communities.

Treatment is available:

Cholera is a treatable disease. Oral rehydration therapy, with a solution containing electrolytes and sugars, is the primary treatment for mild cases. In severe cases, intravenous fluids and antibiotics might be necessary. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve outcomes.

A clean environment is key:

The best way to prevent this outbreak is to practise good hygiene. This includes frequent handwashing with soap and safe water, consuming properly cooked food and drinking only treated or boiled water. Public health campaigns promoting these practices are crucial for containing outbreaks.

By staying updated about the current situation, practising good hygiene, and seeking medical attention if symptoms arise, we can all play a role in limiting its spread.